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Hot cross buns

Hot cross buns on a cooling rack on a wooden board with tea cloth. One bun cut in half and buttered. Tea with lemon in a cup and saucer.

The origin of the hot cross bun is unclear. It has been suggested that they derive from crosses made on bread in Celtic and Anglo-Saxon England which, by creating four sections, represented the four phases of the moon or the four seasons. Others suggest that they were created specifically for the Christian Festival of Easter and that the cross commemorates the crucifixion and the spices included represent those used to embalm Jesus at his burial. One theory is that they were invented by Brother Thomas Rodcliffe, a monk at St Albans Abbey in the fourteenth century, and called ‘Alban Buns’. He apparently made them to distribute to the poor on Good Friday. By 1592 such buns were clearly being eaten by the wider population as the London Clerk of Markets issued a decree forbidding the sale of hot cross buns except on Good Friday and at funerals. However, the first printed record of the hot cross bun appeared as a street cry in 1733: “Good Friday comes this month, the old woman runs. With one or two a penny hot cross buns”. And in 1767 the nursery rhyme “Hot cross buns, hot cross buns. One a penny, two a penny, hot cross buns” appeared for the first time. Apparently, no recipes for the buns appear before the eighteenth century. There are many myths associated with the buns in English folklore. One states that as long as the buns are made on Good Friday, they will stay fresh during the subsequent year. Another is that hot cross buns taken on a sea voyage would protect sailors against shipwreck.

Equipment

  • Weighing scales
  • Measuring jug
  • Small saucepan
  • Large mixing bowl
  • Cling film
  • 2 baking sheets
  • 2 clean tea cloths
  • Small mixing bowl
  • Piping bag
  • Pastry brush

Preparation method

  • Place the milk in the small saucepan and heat to 30C/86F.
  • Transfer to the measuring jug, whisk in the yeast and teaspoon of sugar and leave to stand for 10 minutes to activate the yeast.
  • Melt the butter in the small saucepan.  
  • Sift the flour, salt and spices into the large mixing bowl.
  • Add the sugar and lemon zest and stir in thoroughly.
  • Make a well in the centre of the dry ingredients and add the yeast mixture and the melted butter along with the beaten egg and use your hands to bring everything together to a sticky dough.  If the mixture is too dry, add more milk.  
  • Turn the dough out on to a lightly floured work surface and knead for 10 minutes until silky and elastic.
  • Wash and dry the mixing bowl and lightly oil before placing the dough in it.  Cover with clingfilm and leave to prove for 2 hours or until doubled in size. 
  • Turn the dough onto the floured work surface and knock back. Scatter the dried fruits over the dough and gently knead in to incorporate them evenly into the dough.
  • Divide into 12 evenly sized balls.
  • Grease 1-2 baking trays with butter and place the balls on the tray, placing them fairly close together and flattening them slightly.
  • Cover the baking sheets with the clean tea cloths and leave to rise until doubled in size (about an hour).
  • Preheat the oven to 220C/425F/gas 7.
  • For the topping, add the flour to the small bowl with the water.
  • Mix together to make a paste and spoon into the piping bag.
  • When the buns have risen remove the tea cloths and pipe a cross on each bun.
  • Place in the oven and bake for 15-20 minutes until pale golden-brown, turning the baking trays round halfway through to keep the browning even.   
  • Melt the golden syrup in the small saucepan and set aside.
  • Remove the buns from the oven and immediately brush with the golden syrup.
  • Transfer to the cooling rack and allow to cool.
  • You can eat the buns warm or allow to cool completely, cut in half horizontally and toast.  Either way they should be generously buttered.

Note: I prefer to knead by hand, but you may favour using a dough hook attachment in a stand mixer. Just take off a couple of minutes from the recipe’s kneading time if you use one.
For tips and advice see my guide on making bread.

Georgian

Serves:
12
Prep Time 3 hours 10 minutes
Cook Time 20 minutes
Resting time 10 minutes
Total Time 3 hours 40 minutes

Ingredients

  • 300 ml milk
  • 10 g dried yeast
  • 1 tsp caster sugar
  • 40 g butter
  • 500 g strong white flour
  • 75 g caster sugar
  • 2 tsp mixed spice powder
  • 1 tsp ground cinnamon
  • Grated zest of an unwaxed lemon
  • 10 g salt
  • 1 medium egg, beaten
  • 200 g sultanas
  • 50 g candied mixed peel, finely chopped
  • Oil

For the topping

  • 50 g plain flour
  • Enough water to make a thick paste
  • 2 tbsp golden syrup, for glazing

Nutrition

Nutrition Facts
Hot cross buns
Serving Size
 
110 g
Amount per Serving
Calories
315
Percent of Daily Value*
Fat
 
4.7
g
7
%
Saturated Fat
 
2.3
g
14
%
Cholesterol
 
24
mg
8
%
Sodium
 
39
mg
2
%
Potassium
 
159
mg
5
%
Carbohydrates
 
61
g
20
%
Fiber
 
0.9
g
4
%
Sugar
 
18
g
20
%
Protein
 
8.4
g
17
%
Calcium
 
59
mg
6
%
Iron
 
3.1
mg
17
%
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2000 calorie diet.

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Keywords

Dried fruit

Easter, Good Friday